Hi friends,

I am Jyoti from India, hope you are all fine and safe. Here I am going to participate in the SEC S20 W2 contest: https://steemit.com/hive-118902/@mainuna/sec-or-s20w2-how-to-cultivate-a-paddy organised by Steem-Agro

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How to cultivate a paddy

What is the method of rice seedbed preparation and what steps are taken in preparing the soil for rice cultivation

There are various ways to prepare a seedbed for paddy. First of all the dry land should be well plowed 2 times with machines like tractor or manually with animals. For the nursery, a bed width of 8 feet should be prepared with channels that are 1 feet broad. Also there should be good drainage facilities around the bed. Also the size of the nursery varies depending on the soil and land quality.

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The nursery should have adequate water supply and drainage. Plow the nursery area well and apply 1 ton of well-rotted manure. After plowing the field well, the water should be stored for the next 2 days.

There should be 5-10 cm of water in the field at the time of mud application. Mud plowing the land should be plowed twice in the opposite direction.

What is the importance of planting rice seeds at the right time?

The method of rice cultivation in paddy growing areas depends on the soil type of the crop growing land, available water, and general monsoon and rainfall. The land should be prepared 2-3 days before planting the seedlings.

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A dry season with adequate irrigation facilities is most suitable. Cultivation in this way is difficult in rainfed areas.

How is regular irrigation and fertilizer applied after sowing rice seeds?

Fertilizer

Paddy cultivation is one of the crops that require a lot of care and maintenance and it is not easy to cultivate. However, rice is the staple food, so there is always a demand for rice.

well-composted cow dung or green manure at the rate of 6.25 tonnes/ha should be applied at the time of final plowing, and 22 kg urea/ha should be applied 10 days before planting.

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If the seedlings are to be fertilized after 25 days of sowing, apply diammonium phosphate fertilizer at 2 kg/cent before 10 days. Ten days after sowing, 4 kg of gypsum and 1 kg/cent of diammonium phosphate can be added if there is a problem with rooted in clay soil.

Irrigation

Water management plays an important role in paddy cultivation. Also providing aeration to the roots in the paddy field is important. A plant with severed roots cannot take up residual soil moisture in the lower basal zone.

Only a large and well-functioning root can retain moisture. This can protect its growth and production. So the soil should alternate between wetness and dryness. In the first 10 days, water retention is very important. Water well and keep the soil moist during foliage growth. However, during the breeding season, only a small amount of water is sufficient.

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Providing water to crops at different intervals is called irrigation. The timing and frequency of irrigation varies from crop to crop, soil to soil, and season to season.Since plants require more water throughout the summer, watering schedules should also increase.

What are rice crops' major pests and diseases, and how can they be controlled?

Paddy is very quickly damaged by insect pests. Farmers suffer losses due to crop damage. Some of the notable insects and pests that cause major damage to rice crop are Planthoppers, stem borers, rice hispa beetle, gall, rice leaf roller, whiteflies, rice bugs, leaf miners, aphids, thrips, caterpillars and many others.

An environment-sensitive approach to pest management in a paddy field will provide opportunities for animals, birds, and insects to move into and around your paddy fields. This not only increases the biodiversity of your micro landscape but also helps your field grow healthier and produce better yields.

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The use of chemical pesticides not only directly affects them but also harms the soil where our food grows. The greater the use of chemical pesticides, the greater the human input.

We believe that every organism has a role to play in the bigger picture, and while these pests may bring trouble to your crop, they also have a purpose to fulfill. Therefore, understanding them and their little ecosystem can help us devise natural ways to divert them from our fields so that they can play their rightful role in the larger web of life. Every being is related to the many in many ways. So the presence of the insect can bring in some important organisms that indirectly help your field to grow.

What are the next steps after harvesting the paddy and what are the steps to be taken to preserve the paddy?

In the rice crop, harvesting is the act of cutting and collecting the pods attached to the stem.
Harvesting at the right time and in the right way can increase grain yield and reduce grain loss and quality degradation.

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The signs of rice harvesting are when the crop plants reach full growth, (at about 3 months after planting), the rice ears begin to mature, the tops fall off and the stem turns yellow, and the water in the field dries up. After the fields are dry, the paddy grains are well matured. Then the harvest can begin.

After harvesting the crop we should do more action to get paddy and store them

Threshing

Beat the paddy plant well and remove the seeds (or) grain
Method of extracting beads from straw is called threshing. For maintenanining the high quality of harvested paddy grains, the rice plant immediately after harvesting must be threshing. Also for more reasons:

• Field drying up (drought) and some others
• Stacking the paddy in the field for days should be prevented. Otherwise abundant
• Due to drying, the quality of grain decreases Likely.
• Layer with high humidity
• Discoloration of stored grains
• Yellow Discoloration also occurs.

Drying

Drying the paddy id mamdatory to remove the excess moisture from the rice grains
Method of drying:

• Once thoroughly dried, then Can be used for processing.
• Storage of grain beads by proper drying method can increase the duration. Also grain quality is low
• Prevention of formation, grain beads by biological respiration
• Prevention of deterioration and optimal plant rice recovery can also be obtained by proper drying method.

Storing

Storage is the method of storing rice in bags or in bulk by designing a storage shed. This system protects the rice from adverse weather conditions and short term and long term pest disturbances.

References:

1. https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/ta/expert_system/paddy/riceecosystem.html
2. https://kisanvedika.bighaat.com/

I like to invite

@riya01,
@suborna03 ,
@dave-hanny, to take part in this contest.

💚THANK YOU 💚

Discord : @jyoti-thelight#6650 Telegram :- https://telegram.org/dl