教育体制内的困境：小学生跳楼事件引发的思考
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最近好像又有一起小学生跳楼的新闻，还是发生在湖北的？不过自杀这件事情也很难追究什么责任人，这和每个人的价值观、心理承受能力诸多因素有关。同一件事对其他人来说，也许根本不会放在心上。嗯对有的个别人来说却好像是天大的事，迈不过去的坎。
这个小学生自杀的具体原因，据说多半还是和老师惩罚有关。好像是罚抄错题一万遍，当然这是传闻，不知道真假，应该没有这么离谱。但是罚抄几百遍应该是很平常的事情。当然人们会当然很多人会把这件事归于当事人的心理承受能力差还行，还认为严格的老师是好老师谢谢，而且这是一件偶发事件，似乎也没有什么太多的讨论价值。但是仔细思考一下，其中还是有很多值得思考话题的。
自从德国的铁血宰相俾斯麦进行了社会改革，创立义务教育制度以来，这一制度基本上就成了世界各国抄作业的对象。教育就从原来的私人消费转变为一一国家包办。当然俾斯麦的这一目的是为了将国民塑造成符合军国体制需要的士兵和工人，同时灌输国家和民族的观念，培养服从精神。因为这两项是军队和工厂最需要素质。
教育的国有化，也让老师这个职业成为了体制内的一部分。时至今日，在国内教师应该是除了公务员之外，最受欢迎的体制内工作了。大家为什么喜欢体制内的工作？很经典的一个比喻，就是体制内就是铁饭碗一一用米塞斯的话来说，就是官僚体制不接受利润核算的考验，没有盈利的压力，旱涝保收。在这样的制度环境下工作，即便是理想主义者，在经过一段时间打磨的之后，也都会进入一种躺平的状态，只求无过不求有功。
但是在国内的中小学，大家应该都有这个感受，那就是中小学老师特别的负责，特别是对学习差的差生脾气不好的老师确实很喜欢用体罚、羞辱等手段。既然已经是铁饭碗了，为什么还会这么认真负责呢？差生的学习成绩好坏，似乎对老师的工作并没有什么影响。如果像这位老师一样，把学生逼狠了，做出来类似轻生的事情，反而有可能背上很大的责任。而且为什么这种过度负责的现象只出现在中小学阶段，读过国内大学都知道，大学的老师根本不管你学不学，上课就是照本宣科。学生在下面打瞌睡，他一般也是不干涉的，就是呼噜声不能太大。大学老师这种状态才是正常的状态。他的科研经费、工资都是政府发的，学生的成绩好坏，找不找的到工作和他也没有直接关系。甚至对很多教授来说，讲课教学根本就不是主要工作。
原因是对中小学来说，还是有一条评价标准的。学校的负责人是校长，校长管理学校的好坏，还是有一条非常明确的评价标准，那就是中考和高考的分数和升学率。学校管理好了，给他个人的前途是有决定作用的，而且分数和升学率这些会在社会上形成口碑效应。好学校的老师也会得到学生家长的重视，比如送些小礼物之类的额外的好处和利益。学校的校长和家长两方面都会给老师以压力和动力，想方设法提高中小学生的成绩。
但是这种模式和完全市场化的教育或者有盈亏核算的教育企业是完全不同的。因为私人教育企业，它会以消费者为中心。会看重消费者的感受，而消费者就是学生和学生家长。而公立学校的老师虽然也会负责的提高学生的成绩。但是在他眼中学习成绩差的学生，就是影响自己工作业绩的绊脚石，所以自然也没有好脾气，碰到极端的，脾气坏的老师，自然也是各种羞辱体罚，不再在乎学生的感受。
我们所以从这件事分析可以看出，要想得到好的教育。只有充分行使消费者的权利，才有可能。那种是把教育当做国家福利交给国内政府来办，多半会收到事与愿违的结果。你说对吗？
Recently there seems to be a pupil jumping off the news, or happened in Hubei? However, it is difficult to investigate the responsible person for suicide, which is related to many factors such as everyone's values and psychological endurance. For others, the same thing may not even bother. Well, for some people it seems like a big deal, too big to pass.
The specific reason for this primary school student's suicide is said to be mostly related to the teacher's punishment. Seems to be punished to copy wrong questions ten thousand times, of course, this is hearsay, do not know the true or false, should not be so outrageous. But it should be common to copy hundreds of times. Of course people will of course many people will attribute this matter to the poor psychological bearing capacity of the parties, but also think that strict teachers are good teachers thank you, and this is an accidental incident, there does not seem to be much discussion value. But if you think about it, there's a lot to think about.
Since the German iron-blood chancellor Bismarck carried out social reform and established the compulsory education system, this system has basically become the object of copying homework in the world. Education has shifted from private consumption to state ownership. Of course, Bismarck's purpose was to mold the people into soldiers and workers who met the needs of the military state system, while instilling the concept of the state and the nation and cultivating the spirit of obedience. Because these are the two qualities that the army and the factories need most.
The nationalization of education also made the profession of teacher part of the system. Today, teachers are probably the most popular system in China after civil servants. Why do people like working in the system? A very classic metaphor is that the system is an iron rice bowl - in Mises's words, that is, the bureaucracy does not accept the test of profit accounting, there is no pressure to make profits, and drought and flood are guaranteed. Working in such a system environment, even idealists, after a period of polishing, will enter a state of lying flat, only seeking no fault and no merit.
However, in primary and secondary schools in China, everyone should have this feeling, that is, primary and secondary school teachers are particularly responsible, especially for poor students with bad temper teachers really like to use corporal punishment, humiliation and other means. Since it is already an iron rice bowl, why are you so serious and responsible? The academic performance of poor students does not seem to have any effect on the work of teachers. If, like this teacher, the students are forced to do something similar to suicide, it is likely to bear a great responsibility. And why this phenomenon of excessive responsibility only appears in the primary and secondary school stage, read the domestic university all know that the university teacher does not care whether you learn lessons, is scripted students doze off below, he is generally non-interference, so is the gourd bear is too big, not um bye drop drop it seems that the university teacher this state is the normal state. His scientific research funds and salaries are all issued by the government, and the students' grades are good or bad, and they can find a job, which has nothing to do with him. We don't say. Well, even for many professors, lecturing is not the main job at all - and the reason is that there is still a standard of evaluation for primary and secondary schools. Well, the person in charge of the school is the principal, and the quality of the principal's management of the school is still a very clear evaluation standard, that is, the scores and enrollment rates of the high school entrance examination and the college entrance examination. The school management is good, giving him a personal future is very meaningful and decisive, and ah pro score and correct rate will form a good word-of-mouth effect in the society. School teachers will also get the attention of students' parents, such as giving small gifts and other extra benefits and interests. I know that in this way, both schools and principals and parents will give teachers, primary and secondary school teachers pressure box power, find ways to improve, thank the students' performance. But this model is completely different from a fully market-oriented education or an educational institution with profit and loss accounting as an educational enterprise. Mm-hmm, no, is it? On what grounds? Because education companies, private education companies, it will be consumer-centric. If it is, it will value the feelings of consumers, and consumers are students and students' parents. Well, public school teachers are also responsible for raising students' grades. But in his eyes is not your poor academic performance of students, is to affect their own work performance stumbling block, so naturally there is no good temper, encounter extreme temper, bad teachers, naturally is a variety of humiliation corporal punishment, no longer care about the feelings of students oh. So we can see from this analysis that this is to get a good education. Only by fully exercising the rights of consumers, it is possible that education is handed over to the domestic government as a national welfare, which is mostly counterproductive. Well, good night. Who's that? Are you right?
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