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纸币与战争:现代冲突背后的经济机制

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cheva
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12 days ago4 min read

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聊一聊世界局势。原本伊朗和以色列之间的紧张关系几乎要陷入无解的报复循环,所幸双方的报复行动都保持了克制,主要是为了向各自国内的民众有所交代。有趣的是,以色列对伊朗的报复行动并未引起太大波澜,而伊朗对于遭受袭击一事也不承认。最近,商业卫星公司发布了一些照片,显示伊朗伊斯法汗的核设施周围布置的防空导弹阵地,尤其是S-300使用的雷达受到了破坏。这暗示了双方的较量,以色列可能仅完成了初步的空袭,以表明其军事行动的克制。

当然,伊朗对以色列的反击也仅限于表面,当地居民拍摄到有五到七枚导弹落地爆炸,但以色列受到袭击后,并没有类似的照片发布,似乎是受到了舆论管制。这一系列的交锋让双方政府高层意识到,如果真的开战,对任何一方都不会有好结果,因此局势开始降温。尽管如此,以色列似乎略占上风,因为它是首先发起行动的一方,并且导致了伊朗革命卫队高层的死亡。

中东的冲突似乎有平稳降温的趋势,但俄乌之间的局势却没有变化,甚至有升级的可能。自从去年乌克兰的夏季反攻失败后,战场的主动权回到了俄罗斯一方,乌军逐渐陷入劣势。这一方面是因为人力资源消耗过大,另一方面则是美国的援助出现了拖延。共和党一直要求在解决美国南部边境问题之后才能放行对乌克兰的援助拨款,这一僵局终于在最近被打破。众院议长提出了一份900亿美元的援助方案,其中600亿是给乌克兰的援助,剩下的则是给以色列和台湾。这份议案在民主党的全票支持和部分共和党的支持下高票通过。

这对俄乌两国的民众来说,可能并不是好消息。美国的目的并不是希望乌克兰在短时间内取得胜利,而是希望战争持续下去。战争的持续对美国来说,不过是美联储印刷机里凭空印刷出来的纸币,而俄乌两国却要付出士兵生命的代价。这些士兵大多来自普通民众。在20世纪,人类遭受了两次世界大战的劫难,而这两场巨大灾难的根本原因之一是金本位制度的退位和法币的崛起。纸币的发明虽然被许多人认为是进步,但也是导致战争残酷程度上升的一个因素。如果还是以黄金白银这样的硬通货作为货币,政府不可能凭空创造货币,战争打到一定阶段,国库空虚,只能寻求谈判和停战。而纸币和中央银行的诞生为参战国政府提供了源源不断的资金支持,虽然会导致严重的通货膨胀,但通货膨胀并非立即发生,而是有滞后效应。德国在一战后的通货膨胀就是一个例子,这使得战争能够持续更长时间。法币制度可能才是真正的野蛮。如今这一幕似乎又在俄乌战争中上演,在美国无限量的美元供应下,战争的结束变得遥遥无期。

聊一聊世界局势吧。本来伊朗和以色列之间剑拔弩张,几乎就要陷入胆小鬼游戏的报复循环一发,不可收拾在提速。嗯,爱你魔搭。不过好在双方的报复行动都只是礼尚往来,点到为止,主要目的是给各自国内的民众一个交代。嗯,没有对比较搞笑的是以色列报复伊朗,所以嗯是的,行动居然没有任何的波澜。一、双方各说各话,伊朗根本就不承认遭到了袭击。你说一嘤嘤嘤。七、不过这几天有商业卫星公司的卫星照片发布出来一次,世界是伊朗的核设施。在伊斯法汗的核设施,周围布置的防空导弹阵地,嗯,像s三百使用的雷达受到了破坏。嗯,这就有点高手过招高手伸伸手就知有没有的意味了。因为如果是懂真的的话,那以色列肯定会有两波空袭。第一波打掉重要设施周围的防空设防空阵地。第二波才会是攻击重要目标,而以色列只仅仅是不错完成第一步就是很明显的点到为止不困。当然,伊朗对以色列本土的袭击显然也不去,仅仅是放烟花。因为当地居民拍摄的画面至少是有五到七枚导弹,没有被拦截落地发生爆炸的。而且伊朗的装备受损,马上就有西方的卫星公司发布卫星照片,而以色列受到到袭击之后,却没有任何类似的照片发布,显然是收到了舆论管制的啊,应该是这一番交手,让双方的政府高层都认识到了。如果真的打起来,谁都不会有好下场,于是局势开始降温。不过总的来说,以色列还是略胜一筹,毕竟是以色列先动的手,而且还炸死了伊朗革命卫队的高层椅椅子转的更足一些,他对不对?你不对?哎嗯嗯,一哼中东的冲突似乎有平稳降温的趋势,但俄乌之间的局势却一没有任何变化,甚至有升级的可能。一狙击滴啊,七七七一不着急,我老贝儿,我应该说这种去年乌克兰的夏季大反攻以失败告终之后,战场的主动权就回到了俄罗斯。一方乌军逐渐陷入劣势,这方面的原因,一方面的原因是人力资源消耗过大。另一方面,一个更重要的原因就是美国的援助出现了拖延,就很对是说好学习,谢谢。就是这个因为共和党一致要求,必须在解决美国南部边境问题之后才能放行对乌克兰的援助拨款两档一直僵持,知道了一定。然而这场僵局终于在前天被打破了。共和党出身的众院议长提出了一份九百亿的啊一安,其中六百亿是给乌克兰的援助,剩下的则是给以色列和台湾一。然后这份议案就在民主党的全票支持和部分共和党女人的支持下,高票通过了。那么参院通与过这份议案,几乎是没有悬念的。乌克兰终于又可以拿到。昨天司机终于有可以拿到他梦寐以求的美元了。只是一嗯一没有没有一开始哦,这对俄乌两国的民众来说,真的算是好消息吗?不是嗯嗯嗯继续。显然,美国的目的并不是需要乌克兰在短时间内获得胜利,他只是想让这个战争持续的打下去。八、把战争打下去,消耗的美元对美国来说,不过是美联储印刷机里凭空印刷出来的废纸,而俄乌两国却要付出士兵生命的代价。而这些士兵大多来自于普通民众啊,在二十世纪人类遭受了两次世界大战的劫难,知道了。嗯,应该说可这两场巨大的灾难的根本原因就是金本位的退,为何法币占据出道地位?嗯嗯,来的。虽然很多人认为纸币的发明是一项伟大的进步,很多民族主义者将我国从宋朝起就已经在发行纸币看作我国古代制度先进的就是像凯恩斯这样的主流经济学家还说,黄金是野蛮的遗迹,而纸币却代表文明。事实上,正是因为疾病的一个出现,才让战争的残酷程度上升了一个等级,不喝战争的野蛮程度上升到一个等级。如果还是以黄金白银这样的硬通货,我有货币,它的特点就是政府不可能凭空创造出货币,而战争打到一定的程度,必然国库空虚无力维持,只能寻求谈判和停战。而纸币和中央银行的诞生可以为参战国的政府提供源源不断的资金和财政支持,虽然就会导致严重的通货膨胀,但通货膨胀是马上发生的,而是要经过很长一段时间的滞后效益。比如德国就是在一战之后才爆发出今年的通货膨胀,这就使得战争得以长久的持续下去,法币制度才是真正的野蛮。如今这一幕又出现在了俄乌战争,始终已经拖了两年多的战争,在美国的不限量,美元的供应项,其结束变得遥遥无期。


Talk about the state of the world. Tensions between Iran and Israel had been on the point of spiraling into a cycle of reprisals, but both sides responded with restraint, largely in order to answer to their domestic publics. Interestingly, Israel's retaliation against Iran did not cause much of a stir, and Iran did not acknowledge the attack. Recently, commercial satellite companies released photos showing damage to anti-aircraft missile positions around Iran's Isfahan nuclear facility, particularly the radar used by the S-300. In a hint of rivalry between the two sides, Israel may have completed only preliminary airstrikes to show restraint in its military campaign.

Of course, the Iranian counterattack on Israel was limited to the surface, and local residents photographed five to seven missiles exploding on the ground, but no similar photos were released after the attack on Israel, which seems to be subject to public opinion control. This series of exchanges made the top levels of both governments realize that if there is a war, it will not end well for either side, so the situation began to cool down. Nevertheless, Israel appears to have a slight upper hand, as it was the one who launched the operation first, and it resulted in the deaths of senior members of the Iranian Revolutionary Guards.

The conflict in the Middle East seems to have a steady cooling trend, but the situation between Russia and Ukraine has not changed, and there is even the possibility of escalation. Since the failure of the summer counter-offensive in Ukraine last year, the initiative on the battlefield has returned to the Russian side, and the Ukrainian army has gradually fallen into the disadvantage. This is partly because of the excessive consumption of human resources, and partly because of the delay in the assistance of the United States. Republicans had been demanding a resolution of the U.S. southern border before releasing aid to Ukraine, a deadlock that was finally broken recently. The speaker of the House has proposed a $90 billion aid package, with $60 billion for Ukraine and the rest for Israel and Taiwan. The bill passed with full Democratic support and some Republican support.

This may not be good news for the people of Russia and Ukraine. The goal of the United States is not to hope for a short-term victory in Ukraine, but to hope that the war will continue. The continuation of the war for the United States is nothing more than paper money printed out of thin air from the Federal Reserve printing press, while Russia and Ukraine pay the price of soldiers' lives. Most of these soldiers are from the civilian population. In the 20th century, mankind suffered from two world wars, and one of the root causes of these two great disasters was the abdication of the gold standard and the rise of fiat money. The invention of paper money, while considered by many to be progress, was also a factor in the increasing cruelty of war. If the hard currency such as gold and silver is still used as the currency, the government can not create money out of thin air, the war to a certain stage, the Treasury is empty, can only seek negotiations and truce. The birth of paper money and central banks provided a steady flow of financial support for the governments of the participating countries, although it would lead to serious inflation, but inflation did not happen immediately, but had a lag effect. One example is Germany's inflation after World War I, which allowed wars to last longer. The fiat system may be the real barbarism. Now it seems to be happening again in the Russo-Ukrainian war, with an unlimited supply of US dollars making the end of the war far from sight.

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