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This is a branch of economics that particularly deals with land usage, It focuses on maximizing the crop produced and maintaining a good soil system. It also involves applying economic theory in assessing the production and distribution of food. An Agricultural economist is a policymaker who helps make decisions by providing data and analysis of speciality crops, livestock, meat, poultry and dairy products for food assistance programs.
However, agricultural economics is concerned with the application of economic theories to improve the production and distribution of agricultural products.
This is a system of farming that provides practically all the goods or crops required by the farmer's household, most times without or with a little surplus for sale. The crop yield is consumed by the farmer to sustain him and his family. This farming system generates a minimum and most time insufficient returns to the farmer but just for his basic need for livelihood.
Subsistence farming was the first system of agriculture practised in the world 12,000 years ago in the Middle East and is still practised to date all over the world. It helps many communities who experience poverty to survive. Before this first system of farming, all humans were hunters who had to rely on moving from place to place in search of food before the ability to produce food in one location through subsistence farming.
There are various ways to improve agriculture which can solve the problem of agricultural low productivity which include:
Educating farmers
Farmers should be updated on recent technologies and awareness by providing farming educational programs to help farmers adopt new technologies and awareness that would improve agriculture.
Incentive to farmers
Farmers should be provided with incentives such as loans, fertilizers, farm input/quality seedlings and machinery.
Provision of land
The government should provide and make available land for farmers who need it.
Good infrasturcture
There should be an improved infrastructure in rural areas for the transportation of farm products to the end users on time to avoid spoilage of perishable farm produce
Proper irrigation system
There should be an improvement in the use of irrigation systems by the construction of good canals to supply water to farms during the dry season and strengthening better control ways for natural disasters such as floods.
Soil improvement
Some crops need particular soil conditions for growth, so measures should be taken to test and improve the soil for productivity.
The life cycle of a bean plant consists of stages which are:
Seed
At this first stage, a grain is planted on the soil consciously or thrown down by a flowering plant.
Germination
Germination is the second stage when sprouting begins as the outer shell of the seed cracks open. When this happens, the beans are let off to develop a root system used to soak up the moisture and sustenance from the soil.
Leaf growth
After a while, the seed grows firmly, and the small plant becomes visible out of the ground. The earliest leaves, also called cotyledon, absorb much sunlight and energy as a result of their largest surface area. These leaves are secured by a stalk, also called hypocotyl, that is connected to the underground root.
Flowering
Finally, as the plant flowers showing ita ready to reproduce. Several bean plants produce flowers two months after germination, and small birds, insects, and bees pollinate and fertilize the flower, leading to the formation of seed pods, which are either harvested by farmers or consumed by animals.
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