2018年3月26日
文：華沙論贱（Sook Jin Goh）
不久前英国媒体揭露大数据分析公司Cambridge Analytica通过不当手段取得的大量脸书个人数据来影响多国的选举（其中包括马来西亚），消息一出，举世沸腾。不少网友疾呼要删除脸书账号，脸书更是一夕间蒸发了300亿的市值。
说起“大数据”，这个词从2000年左右开始在IT业者之间流行起来，近几年更是开始频频出现在各领域学者乃至市井小民的言谈间。一般公认大数据分析技术源起于谷歌。2008年时，谷歌通过分析曾经爆发过大规模流感的地区的词汇搜索规律，成功地预测哪些城市将会面临流感爆发，准确率高达90%。此后，大数据分析就广泛地在各领域中被使用。
一如任何事物都有好坏两面，大数据分析也有毁灭性的影响。目前，许多保险公司都采用大数据分析来辅助评估每名潜在投保者患上各种疾病的几率，以决定是否要提高保费或是干脆拒绝某人的投保。在健保制度不完善的国家，很多潜在疾病高发者就会因此失去投保的机会，进而无法得到赖以保命的昂贵治疗。
除了健保，大数据正不断地渗透入人们生活中的各个领域。如果民间无法有效监督掌控大数据的政府和大企业，那么在不远的将来，许多人在升学，就业和择偶等人生中最重大的事项上都将面临更大的限制。换言之，社会阶级流动性将会变得更差。
在可预见的将来，大数据将会无孔不入地介入每个人的生活。你三餐吃什么、和什么人往来、听什么音乐，都不敢违背大数据的安排，因为你的不从意味着你的寿命将缩短几天，或是降低你获得那份梦想工作的几率。就像奥威尔的巨着《1984》中那名“大哥大”一样，大数据就在某个你不知道的角落，无时不刻地盯着你。
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